âäâÅËÔµ¨Ò§µÔ´µèÍã¹ä¡è
( Chicken Infectious Anemia, CIA )
ÍÒÃØ³Õ ªÑÂÊÔ§Ëì
ʶҺѹÊØ¢ÀÒ¾ÊѵÇìáË觪ҵÔ
âäâÅËÔµ¨Ò§µÔ´µèÍã¹ä¡è (CIA) à»ç¹âä·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡àª×éÍäÇÃÑÊ «Ö觷ÓãËéÅÙ¡ä¡è»èÇ â´ÂÁÕÍÒ¡Òà ˧Í «ÖÁ ¼ÍÁ «Õ´à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡à¡Ô´ÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§ª¹Ô´ aplastic anemia ÁÕËÂèÍÁàÅ×Í´ÍÍ¡·Õè¡ÅéÒÁà¹×éÍáÅÐÍÇÑÂÇÐÀÒÂã¹ à«ÅÅì¹éÓàËÅ×ͧ·ÑèÇÃèÒ§¡Ò½èÍ (generalized lymphoid atrophy) à¡Ô´ÀÒÇÐÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁ¡Ñ¹º¡¾Ãèͧ ·ÓãËé§èÒµèÍ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍÍ×è¹á·Ã¡«é͹â´ÂÁÑ¡à¡Ô´¡ÅØèÁÍÒ¡ÒüÔÇ˹ѧÍÑ¡àʺªéÓàÅ×Í´ ·ÓãËéÁÕ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¡ª×èÍâäµèÒ§æ¡Ñ¹ä» µÒÁ¡ÅØèÁÍÒ¡Ò÷Õ辺 àªè¹ blue wing disease (Engstrom&Luthman,1984), hemorrhagic syndrome (Yuasa et al.,1987), anemia-dermatitis (Vielitz&Landgraf,1988)
»ÃÐÇѵԤÇÒÁà»ç¹ÁҢͧâä
Yuasa et al. (1979) ÃÒ§ҹ¡ÒÃá¡àª×éͨҡä¡è»èÇ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ reticuloendotheriosis virus «Ö觻¹à»×é͹ã¹ÇѤ«Õ¹ÁÒàÃç¡«ì â´Â¡ÒéմµÑÇÍÂèÒ§·ÕèàµÃÕÂÁ¼èÒ¹¡ÃдÒÉ¡Ãͧ¢¹Ò´ 25 nm à¢éÒã¹ÅÙ¡ä¡è·´Åͧª¹Ô´»ÅÍ´àª×éͨÓà¾ÒÐ (specific pathogen free, SPF) ÍÒÂØ 1 Çѹ ¾ºÇèÒ·ÓãËéÅÙ¡ä¡è»èÇÂáÅеÒ â´ÂÁÕÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§ÍÂèÒ§ Ãعáç ÁÕËÂèÍÁàÅ×Í´ÍÍ¡µÒÁÃèÒ§¡Ò µèÍÁä·ÁÑʽèÍ ¨Ö§àÃÕ¡ª×èÍàª×é͹ÕéµÒÁ·Õè·ÓãËéà¡Ô´ÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§ÇèÒ chicken anemia agent (CAA) àª×é͹ÕéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ·¹·Ò¹ÊÙ§ áÅÐäÁè·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒüԴ»¡µÔ¢Í§ä¢èä¡è¿Ñ¡áÅÐà«ÅÅìà¾ÒÐàÅÕ駷ÕèàµÃÕÂÁ¨Ò¡äµä¡èáÅФѾÀÐä¡è ¨Ö§·ÓãËéÁÕ¢éͨӡѴà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒàª×é͹Õé â´ÂÁÕà¾Õ§¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·Ò§´éÒ¹¾ÂÒ¸ÔÇÔ·ÂÒ (Taniguchi et al., 1982,1983) µèÍÁÒ Yuasa (1983) ¾ºÇèÒàª×éÍ CAA ÊÒÁÒöà¨ÃÔàµÔºâµä´é´Õã¹ lymphoblastoid cell lines ·ÕèàµÃÕÂÁ¨Ò¡à¹×éͧ͡ºÒ§ª¹Ô´¢Í§ä¡è àªè¹ LSCC-1104B1 (àµÃÕÂÁ¨Ò¡à¹×éͧ͡·ÕèµèÍÁàºÍÃì«èÒ«Öè§à¡Ô´¨Ò¡âäÅÔÇ⤫ÔÊ) áÅÐ MDCC-MSB1 (àµÃÕÂÁ¨Ò¡à¹×éͧ͡·ÕèÁéÒÁ«Öè§à¡Ô´¨Ò¡âäÁÒàÃç¡«ì) «Ö觹͡¨Ò¡¨Ð·ÓãËé¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒà¡ÕèÂǡѺàª×é͹ÕéÊдǡÂÔ觢Öé¹áÅéÇ ÂѧªèÇÂãËé¤ÇÒÁ¡ÃШèÒ§à¡ÕèÂǡѺ»ÑËҢͧÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§·Õ辺㹷éͧ·Õè´éÇ (Yuasa et al.,1983a) áÅÐËÅѧ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÅѡɳÐÃÙ»ÃèÒ§¢Í§àª×é͹Õéã¹ÃÐÂеèÍÁÒ¨Ö§ä´éà»ÅÕ蹪×èÍà»ç¹ chicken anemia virus (Gelderblom et al.,1989)
ËÅѧÃÒ§ҹ¡ÒÃá¡àª×éͤÃÑé§áá·Õè»ÃÐà·ÈÕè»Øè¹áÅéÇ ¡çÁÕÃÒ§ҹ¡ÒÃá¡àª×é͹Õé¨Ò¡»ÃÐà·ÈµèÒ§æ ä´éá¡è àÂÍÃÁѹ (Bulow et al.,1983) Íѧ¡ÄÉ (Chettle et al.,1989) ½ÃÑè§àÈÊ (Picault et al.,1992) ÊÇÕà´¹ (Engtrom,
1988) Îѧ¡ÒÃÕ (Farkas et al.,1992) ÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò (Rosenberger&Cloud,1989a, Goodwin et al.,1989; McNulty
et al.,1989) ÍÍÊàµÃàÅÕ (Firth&Imai, 1990) ¹ÔÇ«ÕᏴì (Stanislawek&Howell,1994) ºÃÒ«ÔÅ (Brentano
et al.,1991) ÍÒਹµÔ¹Ò (Buscaglia et al.,1994) ªÔÅÕ(Toro et al.,1994) ÍÑ¿ÃÔ¡Òãµé (Wicht&Maharaj,1993)
«ÒÍØ´ÔÍÒÃÒàºÕ (Al-Ankari et al.,1996) à¡ÒËÅÕãµé (Seong et al.,1996) âÃÁÒà¹Õ (Avram&Avram,1997) ¨Õ¹ (Zhon et al.,1997) áÅлÃÐà·Èä·Â (ÍØÃÒÈÃÕáÅФ³Ð,1996) ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹨ҡÃÒ§ҹ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·Ò§«ÕÃÑèÁÇÔ·ÂҢͧ½Ù§ä¡è ã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÁÒàÅà«Õ (Rozanah et al.,1995) â»áŹ´ì (Wieliczko et al.,1996) ÃÇÁ·Ñ駢ͧ½Ù§ä¡è SPF (Yuasa et al.,1985; McNulty et al.,1988; Nicholas et al.,1989) ¡çºè§ªÕéÇèÒÁÕ¡ÒÃá¾ÃèÃкҴ¢Í§àª×é͹Õéä»·ÑèÇâÅ¡
ÊÒà˵Ø
à¡Ô´¨Ò¡àª×éÍäÇÃÑÊâÅËÔµ¨Ò§µÔ´µèÍ (chicken anemia virus, CAV) «Ö觢³Ð¹Õé¨Ñ´ÍÂÙèã¹µÃСÙÅ Circoviridae ÃèÇÁ¡Ñº¾Ç¡ circovirus ª¹Ô´Í×è¹æ¤×Í porcine circovirus, psittacine beak and feather disease virus áÅÐ pigeon circovirus (Lukert et al.,1995; Woods et al.,1994) áµèµèÍ令§¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¡ÒèѴ¡ÅØèÁ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁᵡµèÒ§¢Í§¢¹Ò´áÅÐÅѡɳзҧâÁàÅ¡ØŢͧàª×éÍäÇÃÑÊ (Todd et al.,1991; Note born & Koch,1995)
àª×éÍ CAV à»ç¹ DNA äÇÃÑʪ¹Ô´ÊÒÂà´ÕèÂÇ Ãٻǧ¡ÅÁ äÁèÁÕà»Å×Í¡ËØéÁ ¢¹Ò´àÅç¡â´ÂÁÕàÊé¹¼èÒÈÙ¹Âì¡ÅÒ§»ÃÐÁÒ³ 19-26 ¹Òâ¹ÁÔàµÍÃì (Goryo et al.,1987; Gelderblom et al.,1989; McNulty et al.,1990a; Imai&Yuasa,1991) »ÃСͺ´éÇÂâ»ÃµÕ¹ 3 ª¹Ô´ ä´éá¡è VP1 (¢¹Ò´»ÃÐÁÒ³ 50 kDa) à»ç¹Êèǹ»ÃСͺãËè¢Í§ capsid protein áÅÐà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñº¡ÒáÃеØé¹ãËéÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§á͹µÔºÍ´Õ VP2 (¢¹Ò´»ÃÐÁÒ³ 30 kDa) «Öè§à»ç¹ non-structural proteináÅÐÂѧäÁè·ÃҺ˹éÒ·ÕèªÑ´áµèÁÕÊèǹà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñº¡ÒáÃеØé¹ãËéÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§á͹µÔºÍ´ÕÃèÇÁ¡Ñº VP1 áÅÐ VP3 (¢¹Ò´»ÃÐÁÒ³ 16 kDa) ËÃ×ÍàÃÕ¡ÇèÒ apoptin «Öè§à»ç¹µÑÇ¡ÃеØé¹ãËéà¡Ô´ apoptosis (programmed cell death) ã¹ thymocytes áÅÐ ã¹à«ÅÅìà¾ÒÐàÅÕé§â´Â·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒõÒ¢ͧà«ÅÅìà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàÊ×èÍÁÊÅÒ¢ͧÊÒþѹ¸Ø¡ÃÃÁ â´ÂäÁèÁÕ¡ÒÃÍÑ¡àʺ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹ÂѧÁÕÊèǹà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñº¡ÒÃà¾ÔèÁ¨Ó¹Ç¹¢Í§àª×éÍäÇÃÑÊ´éÇ (Noteborn&Koch,1995)
àª×éÍ CAV ÊàµÃ¹µèÒ§æ·Õèá¡ä´éäÁ辺ÇèÒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁᵡµèÒ§·Ò§ antigenicity ¨Ö§ÁÕà¾Õ§ serotype à´ÕÂÇ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·Ò§ restriction-enzyme mapping áÅСÒÃàÃÕ§µÑǢͧ´ÕàÍç¹àÍ (DNA sequence) ¢Í§àª×éÍ CAV ÊàµÃ¹µèÒ§æ¡ç¾ºÇèÒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁᵡµèÒ§äÁèÁÒ¡¹Ñ¡ (Noteborn&Koch,1995)
¤ÇÒÁ·¹·Ò¹¢Í§àª×éÍ
CAV à»ç¹àª×éÍäÇÃÑÊ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ·¹·Ò¹ÊÙ§ â´Â੾ÒжéÒÍÂÙèã¹ infected organic materials ¨Ö§à»ç¹¡ÒÃÂÒ¡·Õè¨Ð·ÓÅÒÂàª×éÍ CAV «Ö觶١¢ÑºÍÍ¡ÁҡѺÍب¨ÒÃÐáÅл¹à»×é͹ÍÂÙèã¹âçàÃ×͹ ( Nicholas et al.1989; Yuasa ,1992)
àª×éÍ CAV ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ·¹·Ò¹µèÍ
- ether áÅÐ chloroform, ¤ÇÒÁÃé͹·Õè ÍسËÀÙÁÔ 80 0C ¹Ò¹ 15 ¹Ò·Õ , 70 0C ¹Ò¹ 1 ªÑèÇâÁ§ áÅз¹µèÍÊÀÒÇФÇÒÁà»ç¹¡Ã´·Õè pH 3 ¹Ò¹ 3 ªÑèÇâÁ§ (Yuasa et al.,1979)
- ÂÒ¦èÒàª×éÍ·ÑèÇä»àªè¹ invert soap, amphoteric soap, orthodichlorobenzene áÅÐ organic solvent (Yuasa ,1992)
- 90% acetone ¹Ò¹ 24 ªÑèÇâÁ§·ÕèÍسËÀÙÁÔËéͧ (Taylor,1992)
- ·¹µèÍ 0.1 N HCl, 0.1 N NaOH, 0.1% sodium azide áÅÐ 1% thimerosol (Yuasa ,1992)
- formaldehyde ËÃ×Í ethylene oxide fumigation ¹Ò¹ 24 ªÑèÇâÁ§ (Yuasa ,1992)
àª×éÍ CAV ¶Ù¡·ÓÅÒ´éÇÂ
- ¤ÇÒÁÃé͹ 1000C ¹Ò¹ 15 ¹Ò·Õ ã¹¼ÅÔµÀѳ±ìä¡èµéͧãªé core temperature 950C, 30 ¹Ò·Õ ËÃ×Í 1000C ¹Ò¹ 10 ¹Ò·Õ (Urlings et al.,1993)
- 10% iodine ËÃ×Í 10% hypochlorite ¹Ò¹ 2 ªÑèÇâÁ§ ·Õè 370C (áµèäÁè¶Ù¡·ÓÅÒ¶éÒãªé¤ÇÒÁà¢éÁ¢é¹à¾Õ§ 2%) (Yuasa,1992)
- 5% formaldehyde ¹Ò¹ 24 ªÑèÇâÁ§ ·ÕèÍسËÀÙÁÔËéͧ (Yuasa,1992)
- 1% glutaraldehyde ¹Ò¹ 10 ¹Ò·Õ ·ÕèÍسËÀÙÁÔËéͧ (Yuasa,1992)
- 0.4% beta-propiolactone ¹Ò¹ 24 ªÑèÇâÁ§ ·Õè 40C (Yuasa,1992)
- 50% phenol ¹Ò¹ 5 ¹Ò·Õ ·Õè 370C (áµèäÁè¶Ù¡·ÓÅÒ´éÇ 5% phenol ¹Ò¹ 2 ªÑèÇâÁ§) (Yuasa et al., 1979; Yuasa,1992)
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àª×éÍ CAV á¾Ãè¡ÃШÒ·Ñé§á¹ÇµÑé§áÅÐá¹Ç¹Í¹ (vertical & horizontal transmission) áµèã¹·éͧ·Õ辺âäã¹ÅÙ¡ä¡è·Õèä´éÃѺàª×éÍá¹ÇµÑé§ (vertical transmission) ¼èÒ¹·Ò§áÁèä¡è·ÕèµÔ´àª×éÍã¹ÃÐÂÐä¢è (laying) ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹤ѾÀÐä¡èÍÒ¨ä´éÃѺàª×éͼèÒ¹·Ò§¹éÓàª×éͧ͢ä¡è¾è;ѹ¸Øì·ÕèµÔ´àª×éÍ (Hoop,1993) ¡ÒÃá¾Ãèàª×éÍã¹á¹Ç¹Í¹ (horizontal transmis- sion) à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ä´é·Ñ駷ҧµÃ§áÅзҧÍéÍÁ ÊèǹãËèâ´Â¡ÒáԹ áÅÐÍÒ¨â´Â¡ÒÃËÒÂ㨠(Rosenberger& Cloud,1989b) ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍã¹á¹Ç¹Í¹¹ÕéäÁè·ÓãËéÅÙ¡ä¡èª¹Ô´ SPF áÊ´§ÍÒ¡ÒûèÇÂáÁéÇèÒ¨Ðä´éÃѺàª×é͵Ñé§áµèÍÒÂØ 1 Çѹ ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàÅÕé§ÃÇÁ¡ÑºÅÙ¡ä¡è·Õèä´éÃѺàª×éÍâ´ÂÇÔ¸Õ©Õ´à¢éÒ¡ÅéÒÁ (Yuasa et al.,1979)
ä¡è·Ø¡ÍÒÂØÁÕ¤ÇÒÁäǵèÍ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV áµèÍÒ¡Òâͧâä¨Ðà¡Ô´à©¾ÒÐã¹ÅÙ¡ä¡èÍÒÂعéÍ¡ÇèÒ 2 ÊÑ»´ÒËì (Yuasa et al.,1979; Yuasa&Imai,1986; McNulty et al.,1989; Rosenberger&Cloud,1989b) ä¡è¨ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ·¹·Ò¹µèÍâä CIA à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹µÒÁÍÒÂØ â´ÂÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§á͹µÔºÍ´Õ (Yuasa et al.,1980; Yuasa et al., 1988; Hu et al.,1993 ) áÅÐ thymic precusors cells (Jeurissen et al.,1992)
¡ÒõԴàª×éÍã¹ä¡èÍÒÂØÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ 12 ÊÑ»´ÒËì áÅÐäÁèÁÕÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¨ÐäÁè·ÓãËéä¡èáÊ´§ÍÒ¡ÒûèÇÂáÅéÇ ÂѧäÁèÁռšÃзºµèÍÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃà¨ÃÔàµÔºâµ áÅФسÀÒ¾¢Í§¼Å¼ÅÔµ (Bisgaard,1983; Engstrom&Luthman,1984; Vielitz& Landgraf, 1988; Hoop,1992)) àª×éÍ CAV ¨Ð¶Ù¡¢ÑºÍÍ¡ÁÒ·Ò§Íب¨ÒÃÐËÅѧ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ 2 ÊÑ»´ÒËìà»ç¹ÊèǹÁÒ¡áÅÐÍÒ¨¾ºàª×éÍã¹Íب¨ÒÃкéÒ§ËÅѧ¨Ò¡µÔ´àª×éÍ 3-5 ÊÑ»´ÒËì áµè¨ÐäÁ辺àª×éÍã¹Íب¨ÒÃÐÍÕ¡ËÅѧ¨Ò¡ÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§á͹µÔºÍ´Õ (Hoop,1992; Yuasa et al.,1983b)
áÁèä¡è·´Åͧ·ÕèµÔ´àª×éÍã¹ÃÐÂÐä¢è ¨Ð¢Ñºàª×éÍ CAV ¼èÒ¹·Ò§ä¢è¿Ñ¡ËÅѧ¨Ò¡ä´éÃѺàª×éÍ 8-14 Çѹ (Yuasa& Yoshida, 1983) áµè¨Ò¡ÃÒ§ҹ¡ÒõԴàª×é͵ÒÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔã¹·éͧ·Õ辺ÇèÒ¡ÒÃá¾Ãèàª×éÍ CAV ¼èÒ¹·Ò§ä¢è¿Ñ¡ÍÒ¨à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹ªèǧ 3-9 ÊÑ»´ÒËì ËÅѧ¨Ò¡áÁèä¡èä´éÃѺàª×éÍ â´ÂÊèǹãËèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÃÐËÇèÒ§ 1-3 ÊÑ»´ÒËì ¢Öé¹ÍÂÙè¡ÑºÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃá¾Ãè¡ÃШÒ¢ͧàª×éÍ »ÃÔÁÒ³àª×éÍ·Õèä´éÃѺ áÅФÇÒÁàÃçÇ㹡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§ÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁ¢Í§áÁèä¡è (ÚBülow&Schat,1997) ÅÙ¡ä¡è·Õèä´éÃѺàª×éͼèÒ¹¨Ò¡áÁè·Ò§ä¢è¿Ñ¡¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃà¨ÃÔàµÔºâµ¢Í§¤Ñ¾ÀÐáÅпѡµÒÁ»¡µÔ áÅÐáÊ´§ÍÒ¡ÒûèÇÂàÁ×èÍÍÒÂØ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 1-2 ÊÑ»´ÒËì áÁèä¡è·ÕèÁÕÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁµèÍàª×éÍ CAV áÅеԴàª×éÍ«éÓã¹ÃÐÂÐä¢è¨Ð¢Ñºàª×éÍÍÍ¡·Ò§Íب¨ÒÃÐÀÒÂã¹ 2-4 ÇѹËÅѧ¨Ò¡ä´éÃѺàª×éÍà·èÒ¹Ñé¹ äÁ辺ÇèÒÁÕ¡ÒâѺàª×éͼèÒ¹·Ò§ä¢è¿Ñ¡ áÅÐÂѧ¾ºÇèÒ ÎÍÃìâÁ¹ áÅФÇÒÁà¤ÃÕ´ äÁèÁռŵèÍ¡ÒâѺàª×éÍäÇÃÑÊ (Hoop, 1992)
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ÍÒ¡Òâͧâä CIA ¨Ð¾ºà©¾ÒÐã¹ÅÙ¡ä¡è·ÕèµÔ´àª×éͼèÒ¹·Ò§áÁèä¡è (vertical transmission) ËÃ×ÍÅÙ¡ä¡è·ÕèäÁèÁÕÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁáÅÐä´éÃѺàª×éÍâ´Â¡ÒéմàÁ×èÍááà¡Ô´ â´ÂàÃÔèÁ»èÇÂàÁ×èÍÍÒÂØ 8-14 Çѹ ´éÇÂÍÒ¡Òà ˧Í«ÖÁ ¹éÓ˹ѡŴ «Õ´ Êѧࡵä´é¨Ò¡¼ÔÇ˹ѧºÃÔàdz·ÕèäÁèÁÕ¢¹»¡¤ÅØÁ àªè¹ ˹ѧµÒ ˧͹ áÅÐ¢Ò ÍѵÃÒµÒ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 10-20 % â´ÂÁÕ¡ÒõÒÂàÁ×èÍÍÒÂØ 12-23 Çѹ áÅеÒÂÊÙ§ÊØ´àÁ×èÍÍÒÂØ 14-18 Çѹ (Taniguchi et al.,1982) 㹡óշÕèÁÕ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍÍ×è¹á·Ã¡«é͹ÍѵÃÒµÒÂÍÒ¨ÊÙ§¶Ö§ 60 % ÅÙ¡ä¡è»èÇ·ÕèäÁèµÒ¨ÐËÒÂà»ç¹»¡µÔÀÒÂã¹ 20-28 ÇѹËÅѧ¨Ò¡µÔ´àª×éÍ (ÚBülow& Schat,1995)
¤ÇÒÁÃعáç¢Í§ÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§«Öè§à»ç¹ÅѡɳÐà´è¹ªÑ´¢Í§¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV ã¹ÅÙ¡ä¡è¢Öé¹ÍÂÙè¡Ñº ÊàµÃ¹ áÅлÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§àª×éÍ·Õèä´éÃѺ µÅÍ´¨¹ ÍÒÂØ áÅÐÊÒ¾ѹ¸Øì¢Í§ÅÙ¡ä¡è (Yuasa, 1989) àÁ×èÍà¨ÒÐàÅ×Í´ÅÙ¡ä¡è»èÇ ¨Ð¾ºÇèÒ àÅ×Í´¨Ò§ãÊ á¢ç§µÑǪéÒ ¤èÒ hematocrit µèÓ ( 6-27 %)
¾ÂÒ¸ÔÊÀÒ¾
¤ÇÒÁÃعáç¢Í§¾ÂÒ¸ÔÊÀÒ¾¢Ö鹡Ѻ»Ñ¨¨ÑµèÒ§æ ä´éá¡è ÊàµÃ¹¢Í§àª×éÍäÇÃÑÊ (Yuasa&Imai, 1986; Toro et al.,1997) »ÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§àª×éÍ CAV áÅÐÇÔ¸Õ·Õèä´éÃѺàª×éÍ (McNulty et al., 1990b; Rosenberger&Cloud, 1989b; Yuasa et al., 1979) ª¹Ô´áÅÐÊÒ¾ѹ¸Øì¢Í§ä¡è (Yuasa,1989) ÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁ¨Ò¡áÁè (Yuasa et al., 1980; Otaki et al., 1992) ÍÒÂØä¡è (Yuasa et al., 1979 ; Yuasa et al., 1983a ; Jeurissen et al., 1992 ; Hu et al., 1993) áÅлѨ¨ÑµèÒ§æ·Õè·ÓãËéÃкºÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁ¡Ñ¹º¡¾Ãèͧ (Rosenberger&Cloud, 1989b ; Yuasa et al., 1988)
ËÅѧ¨Ò¡ÅÙ¡ä¡è SPF ÍÒÂØ 1 Çѹ ä´éÃѺàª×éÍ CAV â´Â¡Òéմà¢éÒ¡ÅéÒÁ àª×éÍ CAV ¨Ðà¢éÒÊÙè¡ÃÐáÊâÅËÔµä»à¾ÔèÁ¨Ó¹Ç¹µÒÁÍÇÑÂÇеèÒ§æ·ÑèÇÃèÒ§¡Ò àªè¹ ÁéÒÁ µÑº äµ ä¢¡Ãд١ ÊÁͧ ÅÓäÊé «Öè§ÊÒÁÒöá¡àª×éÍä´éµÑé§áµè 1 Çѹ â´Â¾º»ÃÔÁÒ³àª×éÍÊÙ§ÊØ´ (high titer) ã¹ÍÇÑÂÇеèÒ§æËÅѧ¨Ò¡ä´éÃѺàª×éÍ 7-14 Çѹ áÅÐ㹫ÕÃÑèÁËÅѧ¨Ò¡ä´éÃѺàª×éÍ 7 Çѹ àÁ×è͵ÃǨ¾ºá͹µÔºÍ´Õã¹Çѹ·Õè 14 ËÅѧ¨Ò¡ä´éÃѺàª×éÍ ¡çµÃǨäÁ辺àª×éÍ CAV 㹫ÕÃÑèÁÍÕ¡ (Yuasa et al., 1983b) ä¡è SPF
·Õèä´éÃѺàª×éÍ CAV â´Â¡Òéմà¢éÒ¡ÅéÒÁàÁ×èÍÍÒÂØ 28 áÅÐ 42 Çѹ ¡çÊÒÁÒöµÃǨá¡àª×éÍ CAV ¨Ò¡ÍÇÑÂÇеèÒ§æä´éàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѹ ¡àÇ鹨ҡ ÊÁͧáÅЫÕÃÑèÁ â´Â¾ºÇèÒàª×éÍÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÙ§ÊØ´ (high titer) ËÅѧ¨Ò¡ä´éÃѺàª×éÍ 7 Çѹ áÅÐŴŧÍÂèÒ§ÃÇ´àÃçÇËÅѧ¨Ò¡ä´éÃѺàª×éÍ 14 Çѹ áÅÐÊÒÁÒöµÃǨ¾ºá͹µÔºÍ´Õä´éµÑé§áµè 7 Çѹ (Yuasa et al.,1983b)
àª×éÍ CAV ÁÕ¼Å㹡Ò÷ÓÅÒÂÃкºÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁâ´ÂµÃ§ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ÁÕ¡ÒÃà¾ÔèÁ¨Ó¹Ç¹ã¹à«ÅÅì¹éÓàËÅ×ͧ·ÑèÇÃèÒ§¡Ò (generalized lymphoid cells) (Smyth et al.,1993) â´Â੾ÒÐã¹ precursor T-cells ã¹Êèǹ cortex ¢Í§µèÍÁä·ÁÑÊ (Adair et al.,1993) áÅзÓãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒõÒ¢ͧà«ÅÅì â´Â¢ºÇ¹¡Òà apoptosis ËÃ×Í programmed cell death*
·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¡Òýèͧ͢µèÍÁä·ÁÑÊ«Ö觾ºä´éªÑ´à¨¹ ËÅѧ¨Ò¡ä´éÃѺàª×éÍ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 2 ÊÑ»´ÒËì ÊèǹÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§«Öè§à»ç¹
ÅѡɳзÕèà´è¹ªÑ´¢Í§âä CIA ¹Ñ鹡礧¨Ðà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒõÒ¢ͧà«ÅÅì hemocytoblast ·Õè䢡Ãд١ â´Â¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃà´ÕÂÇ
¡Ñ¹ µÒÁÅѡɳТͧ nuclear chromatin ·Õè Goryo áÅФ³Ð (1989) ¾ºã¹ phagocytosed erythrocyte ã¹ä¢¡Ãд١ä¡è·´ÅͧËÅѧ¨Ò¡ä´éÃѺàª×éÍ CAV 6 Çѹ (Jeurissen et al.,1992)
programmed cell death* à»ç¹Åѡɳо×é¹°Ò¹¢Í§¡ÒÃà¨ÃÔàµÔºâµ¢Í§à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍ»¡µÔã¹ÃÐÂзÕèà»ç¹µÑÇÍè͹ ¡ÒÃá·¹·Õè¢Í§à«ÅÅìã¹à¹×éÍàÂ×èͺҧª¹Ô´ àªè¹µèÍÁä·ÁÑÊ ¾º·Ñé§ã¹¤¹áÅÐÊѵÇì à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÀÒÂãµé¡ÒäǺ¤ØÁ ¢Í§â»Ãá¡ÃÁ·Ò§¾Ñ¹¸Ø¡ÃÃÁ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹Âѧà»ç¹¢ºÇ¹¡ÒÃ˹Ö觢ͧÃкºÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁ㹡ÒáӨѴà«ÅÅì·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ (Goldstein et al.,1991) «Öè§ÊÒÁÒöᡨҡà«ÅÅì·ÕèÁÕ¡Ãкǹ¡ÒõÒµÒÁ¾ÂÒ¸ÔÊÀÒ¾ (necrosis) ä´é´éÇÂÇÔ¸Õ·Ò§¨ØÅ·ÃÃȹìÍÔàÅ礵Ã͹ àªè¹ ÅѡɳСÒÃà¡ÒСÅØèÁ¢Í§ nuclear chromatin ã¡Åé¡Ñº nuclear membrane à»ç¹µé¹ (Noteborn&Koch, 1995) |
¡ÒêѹÊÙµÃâä
¡ÒêѹÊÙµÃâä·ÕèÃÇ´àÃçÇáÅÐáÁè¹ÂÓ ¨ÐªèÇÂãËé¡ÒäǺ¤ØÁáÅлéͧ¡Ñ¹âää´é´Õ¢Öé¹ ·ÓãËé¡ÒÃÊÙàÊÕ·ҧàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨Å´Å§ (McIlroy et al.,1992)
1. âä·Õè·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¡ÅØèÁÍÒ¡Ò÷Õè¤ÅéÒ¤ÅÖ§¡Ñ¹
- âäàºÍÃì«èÒÍÑ¡àʺµÔ´µèÍ (Infectious bursal disease, IBD)
- âäÁÒàÃç¡«ì (Marek’s disease, MD)
- ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ Osteopetrosis virus
- ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ Erythroblastosis virus
- ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ adenovirus ª¹Ô´·Õè·ÓãËéà¡Ô´ Inclusion body hepatitis
- âäÅÔÇâ¤ä«âµ«Ù⹫ÔÊ (Leucocytozoonosis)
- âäÁÒàÅàÃÕÂã¹ÊѵÇì»Õ¡ (Avian malaria)
- ¡ÒâҴÇÔµÒÁÔ¹à¤
- ¡ÒÃà»ç¹¾Ôɨҡ sulfur, mycotoxin áÅÐ trichloroethylene
2. ¡Òëѡ»ÃÐÇѵÔ
- ÁÑ¡¾ºÇèÒ»ÑËÒ à¡Ô´¨Ò¡áÁè¾Ñ¹¸ØìÊÒÇ㹪èǧÍÒÂØ 27-36 ÊÑ»´ÒËì â´Â੾ÒзÕèàÅÕé§㹿ÒÃìÁËÃ×ÍâçàÃ×͹ãËÁè (Sander et al.,1997) áÅÐ㹡óշÕèàÅÕé§ÅÙ¡ä¡è«Ö觿ѡ¨Ò¡áÁè¾Ñ¹¸ØìËÅÒ½٧ÃÇÁ¡Ñ¹ ¨Ð¾ºâäã¹ÅÙ¡ä¡è¨Ò¡áÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV ã¹ÃÐÂÐä¢èà·èÒ¹Ñé¹ ÅÙ¡ä¡èÍ×è¹·ÕèàÅÕé§ÃÇÁ¡Ñ¹¨ÐäÁèáÊ´§ÍÒ¡ÒûèÇ (Bisguard,1983; Engstrom& Luthman,1984; Yuasa et al.,1987; Vielitz&Landgraf,1988; Chettle et al.,1989)
- ÍѵÃÒ¡ÒõÒÂã¹ÅÙ¡ä¡èàÁ×èÍÍÒÂØ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 10-14 ÇѹÊÙ§¢Öé¹ (ÍÒ¨¶Ö§ 10 à·èҢͧÍѵÃÒµÒ·Õ辺µÒÁ»¡µÔ) ã¹·éͧ·ÕèÁÑ¡¾ºâäã¹ÅÙ¡ä¡èÍÒÂصÑé§áµè 3-15 ÊÑ»´ÒËì áÅоººèÍ·ÕèÍÒÂØ 5-9 ÊÑ»´ÒËì (Yuasa,1989) à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ÁÕ»ÑËÒà¡ÕèÂǡѺÃкºÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁº¡¾Ãèͧ«Öè§ÍÒ¨à¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒõԴàª×éÍäÇÃÑÊ IBD, MD, ÊÒþÔÉ ¤ÇÒÁà¤ÃÕ´ áÅÐÍ×è¹æ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹ÁÑ¡¾ºËÂèÍÁàÅ×Í´ÍÍ¡ ÃèÇÁ¡ÑºÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§ áÅÐÍÒ¨¾º¼ÔÇ˹ѧÍÑ¡àʺẺÁÕà¹×é͵Ò (gangrenous dermatitis )
-ãËé´Ù»ÃÐÇѵԡÒõÃǨ«ÕÃÑèÁ¢Í§½Ù§ä¡è¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì µèÍàª×éÍ CAV â´Â¨Ð¾ºÇèÒ㹪èǧ¡è͹à¡Ô´»ÑËÒ ä¡è¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸ØìäÁèÁÕá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV áµèËÅѧ¨Ò¡¾ºâäã¹ÅÙ¡ä¡è ¨ÐµÃǨ¾ºá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV 㹫ÕÃÑèÁä¡è¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì
3. ÍÒ¡ÒÃ
ÅÙ¡ä¡èÍÒÂØ 1-2 ÊÑ»´ÒËì ¨ÐÁÕÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§ «Öè§ÊèǹãËè¨ÐµÑ´ÊÔ¹¨Ò¡¤èÒ hematocrit ·ÕèµèÓ¡ÇèÒ 25% (Rosenberger& Cloud,1989a) ËÃ×Í 27% (Yuasa et al.,1979) ÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁ¡ÒÃãªé¤èÒ hematocrit ´Ñ§¡ÅèÒÇáµèà¾Õ§ÍÂèÒ§à´ÕÂÇäÁèÊÒÁÒöÊÃØ»ä´éÇèÒà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ÂѧÁջѨ¨ÑÂÍ×è¹æ·Õèµéͧ¤Ó¹Ö§¶Ö§´éÇ àªè¹ ÊÒ¾ѹ¸Øì ÍÒÂØ ÍÒËÒà áÅСÒèѴ¡ÒÿÒÃìÁ (Goodwin&Brown,1992; Goodwin et al.,1992b) ÃÇÁ·Ñ駡ÒõԴàª×éͪ¹Ô´Í×è¹ áÅÐÊÒþÔɵèÒ§æ (Taniguchi et al.,1982) Goodwin et al., (1992a) ÃÒ§ҹ¤èÒ hematocrit ·Õèºè§ªÕéÇèÒÁÕÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§ã¹ä¡èà¹×éÍÍÒÂØ 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 áÅÐ 49 Çѹ à·èҡѺËÃ×͹éÍ¡ÇèÒ 26%, 29%, 33%, 32%, 33%, 33%, 31% áÅÐ 28% µÒÁÅӴѺ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§¨Ò¡¤èÒ hematocrit ´Ñ§¡ÅèÒǨеéͧ¤Ó¹Ö§¶Ö§ ª¹Ô´ ÍÒÂآͧÅÙ¡ä¡è µÅÍ´¨¹ÊÑ´Êèǹ¢Í§ÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§·Õ辺㹽٧àªè¹ ã¹½Ù§ÅÙ¡ä¡è»¡µÔÁÑ¡¾ºÇèÒÁÕÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§ 2.5%¢Í§ÅÙ¡ä¡è·Ñ駽٧ Êèǹ½Ù§·ÕèÁÕ»ÑËÒ¨ÐÁÕÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§ÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ 2.5%¢Í§ÅÙ¡ä¡è·Ñ駽٧
4. ¡ÒõÃǨ·Ò§¾ÂÒ¸ÔÇÔ·ÂÒáÅШØžÂÒ¸ÔÇÔ·ÂÒ
ÃÍÂâä·Õ辺ÍÂèÒ§ªÑ´à¨¹ä´éá¡è µèÍÁä·ÁÑʽèÍÍÂèÒ§Ãعáç 䢡Ãд١ÊÕàËÅ×ͧ«Õ´ ¨Ø´àÅ×Í´ÍÍ¡·Õè¡ÅéÒÁà¹×éÍÍ¡ ¡ÅéÒÁà¹×éÍ¢Ò áÅСÃÐà¾ÒÐá·é ÍÒ¨¾º¨Ø´àÅ×Í´ÍÍ¡ËÃ×Í¡ÒúÇÁ¹éÓ·Õèãµé¼ÔÇ˹ѧºÃÔàdzËÑÇ â¤¹»Õ¡áÅÐ¢Ò ¡ÒúÇÁ áÅЫմ¢Í§ µÑº ÁéÒÁ áÅÐäµ µèÍÁàºÍÃì«èÒ½èÍ ¡ÒÃÅÍ¡ËÅØ´¢Í§¡ÃÐà¾Òк´ áÅкҧ¤ÃÑé§ÍÒ¨¾ºÇèÒËÑÇã¨ÁÕÃÙ»ÃèÒ§¤è͹¢éÒ§¡ÅÁ ·Ò§¨ØžÂÒ¸ÔÇÔ·ÂÒ¾º hematipoietic cells ã¹ä¢¡Ãд١Ŵŧ áÅÐÁÕ adipose tissue à¢éÒÁÒá·¹ lymphocytes ·ÕèµèÍÁä·ÁÑÊ ä¢¡Ãд١ ÁéÒÁ µèÍÁàºÍÃì«èÒ áÅÐ cecal tonsils ËÒÂä» áÅÐÍÒ¨¾º¡ÒúÇÁ¢Í§à«ÅÅìµÑº (Tanigushi et al.,1982)
5. ¡ÒõÃǨ·Ò§Ëéͧ»®ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃäÇÃÑÊ
µÑÇÍÂèÒ§·Õèãªé㹡ÒõÃǨ : µèÍÁä·ÁÑÊ àÅ×Í´ Íب¨ÒÃÐ µÑº ÁéÒÁ 䢡Ãд١
ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒõÃǨ
¡ÒÃá¡àª×éÍäÇÃÑÊ
1. ãªéà«ÅÅìà¾ÒÐàÅÕé§ MDCC-MSB1 â´Âµéͧà¾ÒÐàÅÕé§à«ÅÅì·Õè¼èÒ¹àª×éÍäÇé·Ø¡ 2-3 Çѹ à»ç¹¨Ó¹Ç¹ 5-10 passages áÅеÃǨ´Ù ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¢Í§à«ÅÅì (cytopathic effect) à«ÅÅì·ÕèµÔ´àª×éͨÐÁÕ¢¹Ò´ãËè¢Öé¹áÅеÒ «Öè§Êѧࡵä´é ¨Ò¡¹éÓÂÒ·Õèãªéà¾ÒÐàÅÕé§à«ÅÅìà»ÅÕè¹à»ç¹ÊÕá´§
2. ãªéä¢èä¡è¿Ñ¡ª¹Ô´ SPF â´Â¡Òéմà¢éÒä¢èá´§ (yolk sac inoculation)¢Í§¤Ñ¾ÀÐä¡èÍÒÂØ 6 ÇѹµÃǨ´ÙÍÒ¡ÒÃáÅÐÇÔ¡ÒâͧÅÙ¡ä¡èËÅѧ¨Ò¡¿Ñ¡àÁ×èÍÍÒÂØ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 10-15 Çѹ
3. ãªéÅÙ¡ä¡è SPF ÍÒÂØ 1 Çѹ â´Â¡Òéմà¢éÒ¡ÅéÒÁËÃ×Íà¢éÒªèͧ·éͧ áÅéǵÃǨ´ÙÍÒ¡Òà ÇÔ¡ÒâͧÅÙ¡ä¡è
â´Â·ÑèÇä»ÁÑ¡äÁè¹ÔÂÁãªéÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃá¡àª×éÍäÇÃÑÊà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒõÃǨÂØè§ÂÒ¡ áÅÐãªéàÇÅÒ¹Ò¹
¡ÒõÃǨäÇÃÑÊá͹µÔਹ
1. indirect immunofluorescent antibody test ( IFA )
2. polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) assay
3. DNA probe
¡ÒõÃǨ·Ò§«ÕÃÑèÁÇÔ·ÂÒ
1. serum neutralization ( SN )
2. indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique ( IFA )
3. indirect immunoperoxidase assay ( IIP )
4. enzyme--linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA )
¼Å¡Ãзº·Ò§àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¨Ò¡¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV
¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV ã¹á¹ÇµÑ駼èÒ¹·Ò§áÁèä¡è (vertical transmission) «Ö觷ÓãËéÅÙ¡ä¡è·Õè¿Ñ¡à»ç¹»¡µÔáµè¨ÐáÊ´§ÍÒ¡ÒûèÇÂàÁ×èÍÍÒÂØ 10-14 Çѹ ·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊÙàÊÕÂÍÂèÒ§ªÑ´à¨¹¨Ò¡ ÍѵÃÒµÒ¢ͧÅÙ¡ä¡è·Õèà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ ÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃà¨ÃÔàµÔºâµÅ´Å§ ¤èÒãªé¨èÒÂ㹡ÒÃãËéÂÒ»¯ÔªÕǹÐà¾×èÍ»éͧ¡Ñ¹àª×éÍẤ·ÕàÃÕÂá·Ã¡«é͹ McIlroy et al. (1992) ÃÒ§ҹ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà¡Ô´âä CIA ã¹ä¡èà¹×éÍ 15 ½Ù§ «Öè§ÁÕÅÙ¡ä¡è·ÕèµÔ´àª×éͼèÒ¹·Ò§áÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì ÃÇÁÍÂÙè´éÇ 29 % ÁÕ¼ÅãËéÃÒÂÃѺµèÓ¡ÇèÒ»¡µÔ 17.3-19.6% µèÍä¡è 1000 µÑÇ ¹éÓ˹ѡà©ÅÕèÂä¡èµèÓ¡ÇèÒ½Ù§»¡µÔ 3.3-3.5% áÅÐÍѵÃÒ¡ÒõÒÂÊÙ§¡ÇèÒ½Ù§»¡µÔ 2.0-2.3% â´ÂäÁèÁռŵèÍÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃáÅ¡à»ÅÕè¹ÍÒËÒÃà»ç¹à¹×éÍ (feed-conversion ratio) ã¹ÃÒ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃÃкҴÃعáç¹éÓ˹ѡà©ÅÕèÂä¡èÍҨŴŧ¶Ö§ 7-12% (Chettle et al.,1989)
Êèǹ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV ã¹á¹Ç¹Í¹ (horizontal transmission) ·Ñ駷ҧµÃ§áÅзҧÍéÍÁ «Öè§à»ç¹ª¹Ô´äÁèáÊ´§ÍÒ¡ÒùÑé¹ ÂѧÁÕ¢é͢ѴáÂ駡ѹÍÂÙèÇèҨзÓãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÊÙàÊÕµèÍàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¡ÒÃàÅÕé§ä¡èËÃ×ÍäÁè McNulty et al.(1991) ÈÖ¡ÉҼšÃзº¨Ò¡¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV ª¹Ô´äÁèáÊ´§ÍÒ¡ÒþºÇèÒ½Ù§ä¡èà¹×éÍ·ÕèÁÕá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV ÁÕ¹éÓ˹ѡà©ÅÕèÂä¡èµèÓ¡ÇèÒ½Ù§·ÕèäÁèÁÕá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV áÅÐÁÕ¼ÅãËéÃÒÂä´éŴŧ 13% µèÍä¡è 1000 µÑÇ «Ö觢ѴáÂ駡Ѻ·Õè Goodwin et al. (1993) ÃÒ§ҹÇèÒäÁèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁᵡµèÒ§¢Í§ ¹éÓ˹ѡà©ÅÕèÂä¡è ÍѵÃÒ¡ÒõÒÂáÅÐÍѵÃÒ¡ÒÃáÅ¡à»ÅÕè¹ÍÒËÒà ÃÐËÇèÒ§½Ù§ä¡èà¹×éÍ·Ñ駷ÕèÁÕáÅÐäÁèÁÕá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV áÅзÕè Jorgensen et al. (1995) ÃÒ§ҹÇèÒ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV, IBDV, adenovirus áÅÐ reovirus ª¹Ô´äÁèáÊ´§ÍÒ¡Òà äÁèÁռšÃзºµèÍàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¡ÒÃàÅÕé§ä¡è ÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV ª¹Ô´äÁèáÊ´§ÍÒ¡ÒùÑ鹨ÐÁռšÃзºËÃ×ÍäÁè¹Ñé¹ ¤§¨Ðµéͧ¤Ó¹Ö§¶Ö§»Ñ¨¨ÑÂÍ×è¹æÃèÇÁ´éÇ àªè¹ ÊàµÃ¹áÅлÃÔÁÒ³¢Í§àª×éÍ·Õèä´éÃѺ ÊÒ¾ѹ¸ØìáÅÐÍÒÂØä¡è ÊÀÒ¾âçàÃ×͹ ÍÒËÒà áÅСÒèѴ¡ÒÿÒÃìÁ
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1. àÁ×è;ºÇèÒÍѵÃÒ¡ÒõÒ¢ͧÅÙ¡ä¡èÍÒÂØ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 1 ÊÑ»´ÒËìÊÙ§¡ÇèÒ»¡µÔ â´ÂÁÕÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§ÃèÇÁ´éÇ µéͧÃÕºµÃǨÂ×¹Âѹà¾×èÍËÒÊÒà赯 ¶éÒ¾ºÇèÒà¡Ô´¨Ò¡àª×éÍ CAV ¤ÇÃãËéÂÒ»¯ÔªÕǹÐã¹½Ù§ä¡è»èÇÂà¾×èÍÅ´¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒ¨ҡ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍẤ·ÕàÃÕÂá·Ã¡«é͹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹µéͧµÔ´µÒÁÇèÒ½Ù§ä¡èáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øìã´·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒõԴáÅÐá¾Ãèàª×éÍ à¾×èÍãËéÂÒ»¯ÔªÕǹÐâ´Â¼ÊÁã¹ÍÒËÒÃÅÙ¡ä¡è·Õè¿Ñ¡¨Ò¡½Ù§´Ñ§¡ÅèÒǵÑé§áµèÍÒÂØ 1 Çѹ ¨ÐªèÇÂÅ´¡ÒÃÊÙàÊÕÂŧä´éÁÒ¡ (McIlroy et al.,1992)
2. ¤ÇÃÁÕ»ÃÐÇѵԡÒõÃǨ·Ò§«ÕÃÑèÁÇÔ·ÂÒà¾×èÍãËé·ÃÒºÊÀÒÇÐÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁ¢Í§½Ù§ä¡è¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì áÅФÇÃãËéáÁèä¡èÁÕá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV â´Â੾ÒÐã¹ÃÐÂСè͹ä¢è
3. ¡ÒèѴ¡ÒÿÒÃìÁáÅСÒÃÊØ¢ÒÀÔºÒÅ·Õè´Õ ¨ÐªèÇ»éͧ¡Ñ¹äÁèãËé½Ù§ä¡èà¡Ô´ÀÒÇÐÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁ¡Ñ¹º¡¾Ãèͧà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ ¤ÇÒÁà¤ÃÕ´áÅСÒõԴàª×é͵èÒ§æ
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ËÅѧ¨Ò¡à¡Ô´¡ÒÃÃкҴ¢Í§âäã¹ÃÐÂÐááæ ÁÕ¡ÒÃãªéÇÔ¸ÕµèÒ§æ㹡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹âä â´ÂãËé½Ù§ä¡è¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øìä´éÃѺàª×éÍà¾×èÍãËéÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§á͹µÔºÍ´Õ¡è͹¶Ö§ÃÐÂÐä¢è àªè¹¡ÒüÊÁÇÑÊ´ØÃͧ¾×鹨ҡ½Ù§ä¡è·ÕèµÔ´àª×éÍ (infected litter) ¡ÑºÇÑÊ´ØÃͧ¾×鹢ͧ½Ù§ä¡èáÁè¾Ñ¹¸ØìÃØè¹·´á·¹ áÅСÒÃãËé½Ù§ä¡è¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì¡Ô¹µÑºº´(crude liver homogenates) ¨Ò¡ÅÙ¡ä¡è»èÇ â´Â¼ÊÁã¹¹éÓ (Verlitz&Landgraft,1988) «Öè§áÁéÇèÒ¨Ðãªéä´é¼Å´Õáµè¡çà»ç¹¡ÒÃàÊÕ觵èÍ¡ÒÃä´éÃѺàª×éÍÍ×è¹·ÕèäÁè¾Ö§»ÃÐʧ¤ì (Bülow&Schat,1997)
»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ÁÕÇѤ«Õ¹·Õè¼ÅÔµà¾×èÍ¡ÒèÓ˹èÒÂà¾Õ§ 2 ª¹Ô´à»ç¹ÇѤ«Õ¹àª×éÍà»ç¹¨Ò¡»ÃÐà·ÈàÂÍÃÁѹ«Öè§ãªéâ´Â¡ÒüÊÁ¹éÓ¡Ô¹ (Vielitz et al.,1989; Vielitz&VoB,1994) áÅШҡ»ÃÐà·Èà¹à·ÍÃìᏴì«Öè§ãªéâ´Â¡Òéմ (Steenhuisen et al.,1994) ¡ÒÃãªéÇѤ«Õ¹´Ñ§¡ÅèÒǵéͧ¡ÃзÓÍÂèÒ§ÃÐÁÑ´ÃÐÇѧà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡à»ç¹ÇѤ«Õ¹àª×éÍà»ç¹·ÕèÂѧ¤§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃعáçÍÂÙè «Ö觨ÐÁÕ¼ÅãËéà¡Ô´ÃкºÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁº¡¾Ãèͧã¹ÅÙ¡ä¡èÍÒÂØ 3 ÊÑ»´ÒËìâ´Â·ÕèäÁèáÊ´§ÍÒ¡ÒûèÇÂã´æ (McConnell et al., 1993 a,b) ¢³Ð¹ÕéÂѧäÁèÁÕÇѤ«Õ¹àª×é͵ÒÂà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡äÁèÊÒÁÒö¼ÅÔµãËéàª×éÍÁÕ»ÃÔÁÒ³ÊÙ§ÁÒ¡¾Í ÊèǹÇѤ«Õ¹ª¹Ô´ recombinant, vector ËÃ×Í subunit «Öè§ÍÒ¨ãªéà»ç¹ÇѤ«Õ¹ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ¹Ñé¹ ¢³Ð¹ÕéÂѧÍÂÙèã¹ÃÐËÇèÒ§¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·´Åͧã¹Ëéͧ»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡Òà (Noteborn&Koch,1995)
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¾.È. 2534 |
¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÊÑÁ¹ÒÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃàÃ×èͧâä IBD, Reovirus áÅÐ CAA ³ âçáÃÁáÁè¹éÓ ã¹à´×͹¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á Rosenberger ä´éãËé¢éÍÊѧࡵ¨Ò¡¡ÒõÃǨ½Ù§ä¡èÍÒÂØÃÐËÇèÒ§ 2-5 ÊÑ»´ÒËì ã¹à¢µÀÒ¤¡ÅÒ§¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â·ÕèʧÊÑÂÇèÒà»ç¹âäàºÍÃì«èÒÍÑ¡àʺµÔ´µèÍ(¡ÑÁâºâÃ) ÇèÒ¹èÒ¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV ÃèÇÁ´éÇ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹ä´é¹Óä¡è»èÇ·ÕèʧÊÑ´ѧ¡ÅèÒǨҡ¿ÒÃìÁä¡è 11 áËè§ ÁÒµÃǨËÒ¤èÒ hematocrit áÅзӡÒüèÒ«Ò¡·Õ褳ÐÊѵÇá¾·ÂÈÒʵÃì ¨ØÌÒŧ¡Ã³ìÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑ ¾ºÇèÒ¤èÒhematocrit µèÓÁÒ¡ 䢡Ãд١«Õ´ áÅеèÍÁä·ÁÑʽèÍ (à¡ÃÕ§ÈÑ¡´Ôì, 2536) ÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁäÁèÁÕ¡ÒõÃǨÂ×¹Âѹ·Ò§´éÒ¹«ÕÃÑèÁÇÔ·ÂÒáÅÐäÇÃÑÊÇÔ·ÂÒ |
¾.È. 2537 | ¡ÅØèÁ§Ò¹äÇÃÑÊ Ê¶ÒºÑ¹ÊØ¢ÀÒ¾ÊѵÇìáËè§ªÒµÔ ¡ÃÁ»ÈØÊѵÇì àÃÔèÁÈÖ¡ÉÒÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃá¡àª×éÍ CAV â´Âãªéà«ÅÅìMDCC-MSB1 ´éÇÂÇÔ¸Õ microtest method (Imai & Yuasa,1990)¨Ò¡µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ µÑº àÁç´àÅ×Í´á´§áÅÐÍب¨ÒÃÐ ¢Í§ÅÙ¡ä¡è»¡µÔ¨Ó¹Ç¹ 3-6 µÑÇàÁ×èÍÍÒÂØ 3, 4, 5 áÅÐ 6 ÊÑ»´ÒËì â´ÂÊØèÁ¨Ò¡¿ÒÃìÁä¡èà¹×éÍ 2 áËè§ ã¹¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´¾Ãй¤ÃÈÃÕÍÂظÂÒ áÅОºØÃÕ áµèµÃǨäÁ辺àª×éÍ ã¹¢³Ðà´ÕÂǡѹ¡çÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÒõÃǨá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV ´éÇÂÇÔ¸Õ IFA (Yuasa et al.,1985) â´Âà¡çºµÑÇÍÂèÒ§«ÕÃÑèÁ¨Ò¡ÅÙ¡ä¡è·Ø¡µÑÇ·Õèãªé㹡Ò÷´Åͧá¡àª×éÍ áÅШҡ¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì¢Í§ÅÙ¡ä¡èáµèÅн٧æÅÐ 20 µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ ¼Å¡ÒõÃǨ¾ºÇèÒÅÙ¡ä¡èäÁèÁÕá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV áµè¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì¢Í§ÅÙ¡ä¡èáµèÅпÒÃìÁ ÁÕá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV ¤Ô´à»ç¹ 80 % áÅÐ 40% «Öè§áÊ´§ÇèÒ¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì´Ñ§¡ÅèÒÇà¤ÂÁÕ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV áÅжèÒ·ʹÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁÁÒÂѧÅÙ¡ä¡è ( maternally derived antibody) :«Öè§ËÁ´ä»àÁ×èÍÅÙ¡ä¡èÍÒÂØ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 3 ÊÑ»´ÒËì ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¿ÒÃìÁä¡èà¹×éÍ·Ñé§ 2 áËè§ à»ç¹âçàÃ×͹Ãкº»Ô´ (evaporation) áÅÐÁÕ¡ÒèѴ¡ÒÿÒÃìÁ·Õè´Õ ÅÙ¡ä¡èäÁèÁÕ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV ¨Ö§µÃǨäÁ辺àª×éÍ |
¾.È. 2538 | ¡ÅØèÁ§Ò¹äÇÃÑÊ Ê¶ÒºÑ¹ÊØ¢ÀÒ¾ÊѵÇìÏ ä´éÃѺµÑÇÍÂèÒ§ä¡è»èÇÂÍÒÂصÑé§áµè 1- 7 ÊÑ»´ÒËìËÅÒÂÃÒ «Öè§Ê§ÊÑÂÇèÒÁÕ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV â´ÂÁÕÍÒ¡Òà «ÖÁ ¼ÍÁ «Õ´ ¤èÒ hematocrit µèÓ ¼èÒ«Ò¡¾ºµèÍÁä·ÁÑʽèÍ áÅÐÁըشàÅ×Í´ÍÍ¡·Õè¡ÅéÒÁà¹×éÍÍ¡áÅÐ¢Ò ¨Ò¡¡ÒõÃǨá¡áÅоÔÊÙ¨¹ìàª×éÍäÇÃÑÊ ¾ºàª×éÍ CAV «Öè§àÁ×è͹Ó仩մà¢éÒä¢èä¡è¿Ñ¡ SPF ·ÓãËéÅÙ¡ä¡è»èÇÂËÅѧ¨Ò¡¿Ñ¡ 5-10 Çѹâ´ÂÁÕÊÀÒÇÐâÅËÔµ¨Ò§ ¤èÒ hematocrit µèÓ áÅеÒÂâ´Â¾ºÇèÒµèÍÁä·ÁÑʽèÍàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѹ (ÍØÃÒÈÃÕáÅФ³Ð 2539) ¡ÒõÃǨá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV â´ÂÇÔ¸Õ IFA áÅÐ ELISA (commercial kit) ¨Ò¡ä¡è¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì 6 ¿ÒÃìÁæÅÐ 20-54 µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ ã¹à¢µ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ »·ØÁ¸Ò¹Õ »ÃÒ¨Õ¹ºØÃÕ Å¾ºØÃÕ áÅй¤ÃÃÒªÊÕÁÒ¾ºá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV ã¹ 5 ¿ÒÃìÁâ´ÂÁÕÊÑ´ÊèǹµèÒ§æ¡Ñ¹µÑé§áµè 40% - 95% |
¾.È.2539-2540 |
¡ÒõÃǨá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV â´ÂÇÔ¸Õ ELISA (commercial kit) ¨Ò¡ä¡è¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì 11 ¿ÒÃìÁæÅÐ 31-480 µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ ã¹à¢µ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ ªÅºØÃÕ ÊÃкØÃÕ áÅй¤ÃÃÒªÊÕÁÒ ¾ºá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV ·Ø¡¿ÒÃìÁâ´ÂÁÕÊÑ´ÊèǹµèÒ§æ¡Ñ¹µÑé§áµè 50% - 100% |
¾.È.2540 |
㹪èǧ»ÅÒ»բ³Ð·Õè¡ÅØèÁ§Ò¹äÇÃÑÊ Ê¶ÒºÑ¹ÊØ¢ÀÒ¾ÊѵÇìÏ ÈÖ¡ÉÒÇÔ¸Õ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) à¾×è;Ѳ¹Ò¡ÒêѹÊÙµÃâääÇÃÑÊã¹ÊѵÇì»Õ¡ ¡çä´éÃѺµÑÇÍÂèÒ§ä¡è»èÇ·ÕèʧÊÑÂÇèÒµÔ´àª×éÍ CAV ¨Ò¡¿ÒÃìÁä¡èà¹×éÍ 2 áËè§ ÍÒÂصÑé§áµè 13-47 ÇѹáÅÐ 21-28 Çѹ â´ÂÁÕ¡ÒÃÍÑ¡àʺ¢Í§¼ÔÇ˹ѧẺÁÕà¹×é͵ÒÂÃèÇÁ´éÇ ¨Ö§·´ÅͧãªéÇÔ¸Õ PCR 㹡ÒõÃǨµÑÇÍÂèÒ§´Ñ§¡ÅèÒÇáÅоº CAV 㹵Ѻä¡è»Ç¨ӹǹ 4 ¨Ò¡ 5 µÑÇÍÂèÒ§·Õè·Ó¡ÒõÃǨ ÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁÂѧäÁèä´é¹ÓÇÔ¸Õ¹ÕéÁÒãªé㹡ÒÃãËéºÃÔ¡ÒêѹÊÙµÃâäâ´Â·ÑèÇä» |
¾.È.2541 |
ÁÕ¡ÒùÓà¢éÒÇѤ«Õ¹ CAV ¨Ò¡µèÒ§»ÃÐà·È â´ÂÁÕ¢éͺè§ãªéÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§ÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁãËé¡Ñºä¡è¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì·ÕèäÁèÁÕÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁµèÍàª×éÍ CAV àÁ×èÍÍÒÂØ 12 ÊÑ»´ÒËì |
¨Ò¡¼Å¡ÒõÃǨá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV ã¹½Ù§ä¡è¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øìà¹×éÍ ä¢è áÅо×é¹àÁ×ͧ µÑé§áµè»Õ ¾.È. 2537-2540 ºè§ªÕéÇèÒÁÕ¡ÒÃá¾Ãè¡ÃШÒ¢ͧàª×éÍ CAV ·ÑèÇä»â´Â੾ÒÐã¹à¢µàÅÕé§ä¡è˹Òá¹è¹ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹âÍ¡ÒÊ·Õè¨Ðà¡Ô´âäã¹ÅÙ¡ä¡è¨Ò¡¡ÒõԴàª×éͼèÒ¹·Ò§áÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì´Ñ§¡ÅèÒǨ֧¹èÒ¨ÐŴŧ ¢³Ðà´ÕÂǡѹÅÙ¡ä¡è¡çä´éÃѺá͹µÔºÍ´Õ¼èÒ¹¨Ò¡áÁèä¡è ·ÓãËé»ÅÍ´ÀѨҡ¡ÒÃàÊÕÂËÒ¢ͧÃкºÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV 㹪èǧÊÑ»´ÒËìáá¢Í§ÍÒÂØ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹à¾×èÍ»éͧ¡Ñ¹äÁèãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒ¨ҡ¡ÒõԴàª×éÍ CAV ã¹ÃÐÂеèÍ仨֧¤ÇÃÁÕ¡ÒèѴ¡ÒÃà¾×èÍãËéá¹èã¨ÇèÒ½Ù§ä¡è¾èÍáÁè¾Ñ¹¸Øì (â´Â੾Òн٧ä¡èÊÒÇáÅн٧·ÕèàÅÕé§ã¹âçàÃ×͹ãËÁè ËÃ×Í㹿ÒÃìÁãËÁè ) ÁÕá͹µÔºÍ´ÕµèÍàª×éÍ CAV ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Ñ鹤ÇÃÁÕ¡ÒèѴ¡ÒÿÒÃìÁ·Õè´Õ µÅÍ´¨¹¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡ãªéª¹Ô´áÅÐâ»Ãá¡ÃÁÇѤ«Õ¹·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁ à¾×èÍäÁèãËéÅÙ¡ä¡èà¡Ô´ÊÀÒÇÐÀÙÁÔ¤ØéÁ¡Ñ¹º¡¾Ãèͧ ·ÓãËéà¡Ô´»ÑËҫѺ«é͹áÅÐà¡Ô´¡ÒÃÊÙàÊÕÂà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ â´Â੾ÒÐã¹ÃÐÂзÕè»ÃÐà·È¢Í§àÃÒ¡ÓÅѧ»ÃÐʺ»ÑËÒàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¶´¶ÍÂÍÂÙèã¹¢³Ð¹Õé
àÍ¡ÊÒÃÍéÒ§ÍÔ§
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